Tobacco Smoking - 1372 Words

Smoking is an activity that has been around for many years for people to use and adapt into their lifestyle. It is a tool that many people use to help reduce the stresses of life and put them in a comfortable position that enables them to cope with the hectic lifestyle they are living. However, smoking has been scientifically proven to cause many types of cancer, the most common being lung cancer resulting in numerous deaths across the United States. According to WHO (World Health Organization), Smoking is a greater cause of death and disability than any single disease. Evidently, the benefits and drawbacks of smoking have been debated for many years, and only recently have some countries have placed a ban in public places such as†¦show more content†¦The statistics that represent the number of people who have died from smoking in the U.S are astonishing. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 70.3 million American as young as 12 years old or o lder reported current use of tobacco. The fact that children as young as 12 are getting access to tobacco in the United States can evidently show us how dangerous it is becoming for the country, if young children are beginning to get access to these dangerous substances that could harm their lives. â€Å"Exposure to secondhand smoke is thought to cause about 46,000 deaths from heart disease each year† (American Lung Association), showing us how dangerous smoking can be to civilians. A recent article presented in National Cancer Institute presented a research that one in every five people dies from smoking. Although this point is extremely brief, it demonstrates how one in every five people dying is an extremely terrible cause that results from smoking. It is estimated that 400,000 people die from their own cigarette, whereas non-smokers who die from exposure to smoking is 50,000 (Teen Health). In terms of population size, the figure 400,000 is larger than some countries aroun d the world such as Iceland, Barbados and Greenland, showing how devastating the figure is. It is also believed that the number of people who currently sufferShow MoreRelatedTobacco and Cigarette Smoking1030 Words   |  5 Pages One person dies every six seconds due to a tobacco related disease, which results in a shocking amount of ten deaths per minute. Tobacco is one of the most heavily used addictive products in the United States. Tobacco contains over 4,000 chemicals; approximately 250 are dangerously harmful to humans. Smoking is a major public health problem. All smokers face an increased risk of lung cancer, cardiovascular problems and many other disorders. Smoking should be banned due to the many health risksRead MoreTobacco Smoking And Its Effects1089 Words   |  5 Pages Tobacco [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Tobacco Introduction Tobacco smoking is the major preventable cause of illness and mortality in developed countries. Tobacco smoke is a combination of approximately 4,000 toxic chemicals and at least 42 components are associated with cancer. Tobacco Smoking is responsible for 30% of cancer deaths and 90% of deaths from lung cancer (Arnold, 2001). The other cancers related to cigarette use are mouth cancer, larynx, pharynx, esophagusRead MoreThe Demise Of The Tobacco Smoking1663 Words   |  7 Pagesare calling a new fad, may very well be the answer to the demise of the tobacco smoking epidemic. While it is not likely to happen any time soon, it definitely has the potential. Electronic cigarettes, also known as vaporizers, are the better alternative to smoking traditional tobacco cigarettes. They contain less harmful chemicals, are less expensive, and provide a smoother transition from smoking cigarettes to not smoking at all. It is difficult to comprehend why generation after generation ofRead MoreSmoki ng : A Ban On Tobacco990 Words   |  4 PagesA Ban on Tobacco Every day, millions of people walk through the line at the gas station, drop ten dollars off in exchange for cigarettes, get outside and light one up. Without any conscious thought of what that one cigarette is doing to their body, they smoke many more throughout the course of the day. People often times think and want to quit, but they can’t. They are so addicted to nicotine, and feel like it is an impossible habit to kick. Cigarettes create major health problems for most of theRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking Tobacco1497 Words   |  6 PagesTobacco; one of the most profitable products in history, an addictive substance, and a deadly killer. Smoking tobacco used to be a thing that was endorsed in American society. Now, with the new medical advances and knowledge, society has seen the side effects of smoking and how fatal it actually is. Teenagers have been one of the largest age groups that have been affected by smoking. After analyzing all possible reasons as to why teenag ers would smoke while knowing it can affect their health, threeRead MoreThe Dangers Of Tobacco Smoking2505 Words   |  11 Pageshigh income countries but also in low and middle income countries. A major contributor to this is tobacco smoking (Valdes-Salgado, 2010). Tobacco smoking is a deadly habit that is undertaken for various reasons. These include social pressures, stress and also as the result of growing up in a smoking environment. Education and government intervention have been found to be a key factors in reducing smoking within populations, however these are the areas that are lacking in developing countries, resultingRead MoreEssay Smoking Tobacco Smoking811 Words   |  4 Pagesof Tobacco Smoking among the Students of Puntod National High School: A Basis for Preventative Measure To Deter Student from Smoking ï » ¿CHAPTER 1 The Problem Introduction The use of tobacco is not a recent phenomenon. It has been said that tobacco plants have grown in North and South America since 6,000 B.C.1. It was also believed that tobacco had many healing qualities which made its use widespread2. In the 17th... Premium 14136 Words 57 Pages Smoking Tobacco smokingRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking Tobacco Smoking1547 Words   |  7 PagesDISCUSSION Since you cannot tackle what you are unaware of, the first step in decreasing tobacco smoking is to identify who the smokers are. These could be potential or current users of tobacco and tobacco products or people who are affected by environmental smoke also known as secondhand smoke. Health care providers cannot stop or reduce usage in a patient if they do not know whether the patient is a beginner or a current user. In the health care system, the family physicians are usually the primaryRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking Tobacco Smoking Essay2296 Words   |  10 PagesYouth tobacco smoking has been associated with so many factors. To start with social and physical environments have been associated with this because of the way the mass media shows tobacco smoking as a normal thing and this has promoted tobacco use among the youths. Parental smoking has also contributed because their parents are role models and they always follow their steps. Secondly there are some genetic and biologi cal factors that contribute to this. This occurs where it is more difficult forRead MoreShould Smoking Tobacco Be Banned?847 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity president MacDavis from a 2015 Ohio University â€Å"We will join more than 1,000 campuses nationwide who ban the use of tobacco on their campuses,†(Lee). And in order to make the campus area healthy and encourage the smoker’s to quit smoking, Ohio University decides to ban the smoking on any campus property. Beside of that, the University campus will follow Smoke and Tobacco-Free Initiative policy in August 2015. Therefore, the policy will impose by using a community model†. That means each member

Compare and Contrast the Main Principles in Any Two of the...

Good psychological health is characteristic of a persons ability to complete some key functions and activities, including: learning ability, ability of feel, expression and management of all kinds of positive and negative emotions, the ability to form and maintain good human relations and the ability of deal with and change management and uncertainty. (Mental health foundation) Good psychological health not only is the lack of may diagnose mental health problems, although a good mental health may help prevent the development of many of these issues. There are some mental health problems: strong emotional experience, behavior/motivation to change, physical/physical symptoms, unrealistic idea and thought prejudice and distress and damage†¦show more content†¦(Source from: ‘The practice of behavior therapy’ (Third Edition), Copyright 1982, Pergamon Books Ltd.) As the figure shows, when anxiety evolking potential of A is reduced from 1 to 0, B automatically is reduced from 2 to 1, and so forth. Aversion therapy is a form of therapy, the use of behavior principle to eliminate unwanted behavior. In the treatment, unnecessary stimulation is repeated collocation discomfort. Regulating process goal is to make the individual association stimulus and unpleasant or uncomfortable feeling. (Kendra Cherry (2)) That means using the pairs problem stimulus (e.g. alcohol) with aversive outcome (e.g. nausea), to deter engagement. In the aversion therapy, the client may be asked to want to or participation behavior they enjoy and contact some unpleasant things such as bad smell, a bad smell or even mild electric shock. Once the unpleasant feeling become related behavior, hope is unnecessary actions or action will begin to decrease in the frequency or completely stop. Mainly the aversion therapy can be used in bad habits, addictions, alcoholism, smoking, gam bling etc. The overall effectiveness of aversion therapy can depend on many factors, including the use of methods, and whether the clients to continue after practice the prevention and treatment of recurrence. In some cases, the client may return to previous behavior patterns once their treatmentShow MoreRelatedCognitive Behavioral Theory and Psychodynamic Theory Essay1840 Words   |  8 PagesIn this assignment I am going to introduce and unpack cognitive behavioural theory and psychodynamic theory. This will include the history of each theory and the theorists that discovered and developed both. I am going to link each theory to where they fit in Payne’s Triangle of Social Work as well as compare and contrast each theory. Both Cognitive behavioural theory and psychodynamic theory both support the purposes of social work in which I will cover beneath. This assignment will also includeRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestextbook usefully situates or ganization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et

Definition of ‘Return On Investment †ROI’ Essay Sample free essay sample

A public presentation step used to measure the efficiency of an investing or to compare the efficiency of a figure of different investings. To cipher ROI. the benefit ( return ) of an investing is divided by the cost of the investing ; the consequence is expressed as a per centum or a ratio. The return on investing expression: In the above expression â€Å"gains from investment† . refers to the returns obtained from selling the investing of involvement. Return on investing is a really popular metric because of its versatility and simpleness. That is. if an investing does non hold a positive ROI. or if there are other chances with a higher ROI. so the investing should be non be undertaken. Investopedia explains ‘Return On Investment – ROI’Keep in head that the computation for return on investing and. therefore the definition. can be modified to accommodate the state of affairs -it all depends on what you include as returns and costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of ‘Return On Investment – ROI’ Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The definition of the term in the broadest sense merely efforts to mensurate the profitableness of an investing and. as such. there is no 1 â€Å"right† computation. For illustration. a seller may compare two different merchandises by spliting the gross net income that each merchandise has generated by its several selling disbursals. A fiscal analyst. nevertheless. may compare the same two merchandises utilizing an wholly different ROI computation. possibly by spliting the net income of an investing by the entire value of all resources that have been employed to do and sell the merchandise. This flexibleness has a downside. as ROI computations can be easy manipulated to accommodate the user’s intents. and the consequence can be expressed in many different ways. When utilizing this metric. do certain you understand what inputs are being used.

Qualitative Methods in Hotels Customer Loyalty Strategy Essay Example

Qualitative Methods in Hotels: Customer Loyalty Strategy Essay APPLICATION OF QUALITATIVE METHODS IN HOTELS CUSTOMER LOYALTY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Lisa Galina, PhD candidate Free International University of Moldova ABSTRACT Our society is constantly changing and these changes have an impact not only on our buying habits and consumption but also on the hotel companies that must constantly adapt to meet new customer requirements. When performing market research to determine customer loyalty strategy, hotel marketers are often faced with questions that require application of both quantitative research methods and deep knowledge coming from unstructured qualitative approaches. Subsequently, the quantitative pproach is used to design and test an instrument for web-based service quality assessment and explore the relationships between service quality customer satisfaction, service value and customer loyalty. This article describe the qualitative approaches as a tools for helping hotel marketers to set up company customer loyalty strategy. Key words: customer loyalty strategy, quantitative research method, qualitative research method, hotel companies, hotel services Introduction When performing market research to determine customer loyalty strategy, hotel marketers are often faced with questions that require application of both uantitative research methods and deep knowledge coming from unstructured qualitative approaches. Measuring customer satisfaction is a prime example. In studies of satisfaction leading to loyalty, a simple result often does not provide sufficiently a marketing action with needed data to make improvements in the provision of services. One of the key factors for customer satisfaction is the perceived value of the service provided. Value is positively associated with satisfaction, intention to return and willingness to recommend their services. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Methods in Hotels: Customer Loyalty Strategy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Methods in Hotels: Customer Loyalty Strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Methods in Hotels: Customer Loyalty Strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thomas (2010) believes that qualitative and quantitative research always need one another in cience, but because it believes that qualitative research involves words and quantitative involves numbers, there are some researchers who believe that one is better (or scientific) than the other. As he mentions, in recent years the methods of data collection were expanded from group discussions focused on person-depth interviews and observations to online chats, Internet forums, online communities and internet monitoring. Also, some researchers would include here the neuromarketing research a new approach to marketing, which involves observation of physiological reactions, with the purpose of measuring emotional reactions as part of the ualitative research field [31, p. 5]. Hoteliers must find answers that would explain certain behavior and attitudes of customers and the companys motivations for some decisions. The only way to discover this is to use qualitative methods. However, the concept of loyalty, which covers this article, is very complex. To discover how the company and its customers perceive loyalty is necessary to conduct studies of all research methods being adapted to company strategies depending on the life cycle of the enterprise, the emergence of ad hoc market needs and apply the relevant ones. Chapter l. Qualitative market research Qualitative market research is a much more subjective research which derives its conclusions from a smaller, more focused group of individuals aiming in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. Qualitative method investigates decision making in the context of questions on whV and how? not Just those of the order what? where? when? . This implies greater depth interviews and surveys when it comes to the interview process, which usually involves a one-on-one interaction, but there are situations in which dyads and triads re possible. Traditionally, these settings are face-to-face and conducted directly in person, via the Internet and / or audio and / or video conferences. The benefits of this method of research consist in: 1) The probability of spontaneous and genuine reactions is higher and can be used for general conclusions market research. ) Although focus groups are conducted under controlling, can easily appear new ideas being encouraged by the more open environment. 3) The possibility of observing genuine reactions of respondents 4) Both focus groups can be very flexible and allows individuals to express their opinions reely. 5) Deeper understanding of the views and new perspectives. 6) The information received from the interviews is much deeper, often very detailed and rich. When it comes to market research qualitative versus quantitative market research, there are a lot of factors that determine what really differentiates them. This makes it important to choose the appropriate method of service and the agenda. For choosing the correct method for market research in order to establish customer loyalty strategy below are presented some tips to guide decision: A. it will be used the qualitative market research when: it requires explanation and exploration of quantitative studies determine the essence of the problems encountered to better understand the respondents and their intentions to get feedback and opinions authentic and unspoiled B. It will be used the quantitative market research when: it requires large marketing studies identify desired market share of the company and of the course of its action will gather information to apply them in statistical analysis company will opt for a faster and more conclusive research. As the hospitality industry is highly experimental, companies rely on qualitative esearch to gain insights on behavior, intentions, attitudes and motivations of tourists and consumers. Companies can target existing users and the potential for their new services to facilities and offers. This method offers the possibility to discover insights on strategies to counter offers made by competitors. The research that combines quantitative and qualitative methods is often labeled as postpositivist (Denzin Lincoln, 1994; Guba Lincoln, 1994) or triangular and is based on the concept that qualitative and quantitative methods should be seen as complementary rather than rival camps (Clark Creswell, 2008) [18, p 111]. The results of qualitative research are a diagnosis, seeking explanations why certain behavior occurs and usually investigates rather than include. In addition, qualitative data are often given orally, as opposed to numeric quantity related to quantitative research (Au, 2004) [29, p 16]. The most common qualitative research techniques are structured in-depth interviews, group discussions and focus groups. There are types of interviews: depth or ladder Laddering method is used as in-depth interview technique to discover how the attributes of a product / service, the consequences of these ttributes and personal values are related, connected in the mind of the individual. This technique allows the researcher to slowly climb the ladder to get to the real reasons that lead consumers to buy a product. The method allows starting with some obvious attributes, a superficial point of view, and reaches deeper areas, what is really relevant. In order to use properly this technique, the interviewees should be well chosen, meaning that it need the selection of those individuals who develop significant emotional reactions to the product, they are brand loyal. [34] Explorers are designed to obtain the point of view of the interviewee. Through effective use of skills of surveying, the interviewee is encouraged to report about the perception of emotional capitalizing topic. Important are the perceptions and personal interpretations (ideas, opinions, suggestions, expectations, etc. ): all the subjective information interviewee. Exploratory interviews with advisory are intended to supplement information obtained from written sources or standardized interviews with perceptions of the involved persons. Exploratory interview technical skills are bstracts related questions and reflections. Semi-structured flexible interview, allowing the introduction of new questions during the interview, as a result of what the interviewee says. The interviewer generally has a framework of themes to be explored. However, topics that the interviewer wants to explore during the interview should be usually well thought in advance. Usually it is recommended to interviewers to have developed the interview guide, an informal. These guides hel p researchers to focus an interview on a theme, without determining in a particular format. This reedom can help interviewers to adapt their questions to the interview context / situation and the people who are interviewed. Non-structured method in which questions can be changed or adapted to meet the respondents intelligence, understandings or beliefs. Unlike a structured interview the questions are predetermined and the range of responses is pre-set, the unstructured interviews support free play mode of respondents answers. These types of interviews are commonly used in ethnography and case studies or when researchers want to find as much information as possible about their topic. The advantage is that unstructured interviews often reveal information that was not exposed using structured or semi- structured interviews. Data sets collected using unstructured interviews will be higher than the rest. Outside of sociology use of such interviews is very limited. Qualitative method includes the following techniques also beings used only in sociology: focus groups, a form of qualitative research in which a group of people is asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging. Questions are asked in interactive group setting where participants are free to talk to other members. observations techniques combined with interviewing: ethnography and photo- ethnography, in which potential or current customers record actual behavior, transcribe the Journals and participate in follow-up interviews and observations at decision making place, such as interviews in stores. Using structured interviews in hotels Interviews occurred in the hospitality industry should preferably be semi-structured or unstructured, because it allows the researcher to be flexible and to get as much ata as possible. However, CODRIJ hotel marketers have used structured interviews, given that usually during the interview time is reduced and the amount of the interviewees may be higher. The objective was to understand the investigated subject in terms of the interviewee and to understand how and why they arrived at this particular point. Studying literature, they identified key issues that affect retention and loyalty, which are illustrated in a convenient general marketing mix variables: Product, Price, Placement, Promotion and People (Quality Service), shown in Table 1 . Table 1 . Key topics and subtopics for the quantitative research Product Specifications: exterior features, lobby, restaurant, bar, bedroom, public areas, leisure facilities etc, cleanliness, quality furniture and accessories, design, style. Functional attributes: reputation, style of services, timeliness of providing services, staff courtesy and empathy to customers. What technical and functional attributes of hotel customers are important to small and medium-sized independent hotels? Price Price charged; price policy of the company. Independent hotels are customers willing to accept lower technical attributes in xchange for a lower price or are willing to pay a higher price for superior technical and functional attributes delivered at the consistently increased quality? Customers prefer a transparent pricing policy or differential? Placement and Reservations Location, quality of services booking, booking method, the search for variety Shall remain loyal customers to some independent hotels each time they visit a certain area or prefer variety? Are they loyal to geographical areas or looking for something different? Promotion Loyalty cards, building relationships with customers and suppliers, branding, online romotion etc. How important is customer loyalty cards independent hotels? Encourage the practice of building customer relations loyalty to a hotel? What is the role of branding in keeping customers and their loyalty? Persons (Quality Service) Quality of services, security service delivery, management of complaints To what extent are customers interested in quality and functionality of equipment? It will encourage loyalty an effective security policy and security of supply of services? Customer retention and loyalty will encourage their effective management of complaints? Sourse: Materials from CODRU Hotel These themes and essential questions helped develop a hypothesis, which brought proposals for hotel loyalty and customer retention in a increasingly competitive market. Customers were approached at the time of check-in at the hotel. Manager responsible explained the research goal and asked for cooperation requesting an interview, which should take no more than 5-10 minutes. Face-to- face interviews were conducted in informal surroundings of the hotel lobby, time being chosen by the customer. The interviews began with the interviewers explanation about the nature and purpose of research, initially requesting any information about client ctivity. Then moved to an open discussion, the client is encouraged to explain why he chosed the hotel initially and what hoteliers should offer to further encourage this choice. Whenever necessary, the interviewer introduced the key themes of the Table 1 to continue to encourage open discussion. Responses were placed in a grid table to share comments made on the analysis of the particular key issues considered as important for the client and, respectively, as a determining factor in his retention. Conclusion In conclusion we mention that whatever method hoteliers select for market research nd investigation of needs of current and potential customers to determine their loyalty strategies, it take time, costs and specific skills of marketers researchers. However, at different stages of hotel development, it is recommended certain research techniques that would answer the question in the most appropriate way, meaning that by the initial cycle of life the author suggests to use the questionnaire, because of the economic advantages and time, can find out the opinion of a large number of customers, are easy to analyze, affordable, being filled out by guests in onfort, in their leisure time. In the companys development cycle is recommended to apply survey as a technic of investigating customer needs, coupled with the interviews, both collecting data so cantitattive and qualitative. In the Republic of Moldova would be very difficult, almost impossible, to conduct a study based on the method of neuromarketing, because of lack of specialists, so only recommending studies and ongoing computerization of marketers based on those of the colleagues from abroad to find out the latest news on the application of various hotel customer loyalty strategies. Biblography 1 . Monica Diana Bercea. Quantitative versus qualitative in neuromarketing research. http://mpra. ub. uni-muenchen. de/44134/ 2. Ahmed Mohamed Hassan Elebiary. Drivers of guest loyalty in the hotel industry in New Zealand: The role of staff loyalty, service quality, guest satisfaction and commitment, and the influence of loyalty programmes. A Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MANAGEMENT At The university of Waikato, 2012. 346 p. 3. Kellgren Cecilia. Moradi Ladan. Romppanen MaiJu. Customer Loyalty Research Can customer loyalty programs really build loyalty? J?–NK?–PING INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL. J? ¶nk? ¶ping, January 2007. 65 pag. 4. http://www. psynolution. ro/ 284-1addering-%E2%80%93-metoda-calitativa-de-cercetare 5. http:// www. statistica. md 6. http://web. usm. my/aam]/16. 1. 2011 /AAMJ_16. 1. 2. pdf 7. http://geert-hofstede. com 8. Senka Sekularac-lvogevit, Sanja Sauk. Quantitative and Qualitative Basis of Customer Relationship Management Concept Development in the Adriatic Ports. University of Montenegro, Faculty of Maritime Studies, Dobrota 36, 85 330 Kotor, Montenegro. 116 pag.